I often treat patients who have cavities between 2 teeth, whether it’s a dark spot that starts to appear in between the front (incisors) or a situation developing between the molars and pre-molars. Interproximal caries as it is called is one of the most common form of tooth decay, because even people who brush their teeth can get it.
However before we deep dive into the solutions, we want to understand how the problem comes about so that we can fore-see it , prevent it or manage it.
Why decay commonly happens in between teeth?
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in the United States shows that 92% of adults aged 20-64 have experienced dental caries in their permanent teeth, with a significant number of these cavities occurring in interproximal areas.More-so because tooth brush bristles are usually insufficient to dislodge food debris that gets impacted between teeth.
When there is continued insufficient cleaning of surfaces, interproximal caries occurs.
Risk Factors for Interproximal Caries
There is a wide range of reasons someone may be at risk of having cavities in between their teeth.
- Poor Oral Hygiene: Not flossing or cleaning between teeth increases the risk of interproximal decay. With bad oral hygiene habits food that impacts may eventually even cause gingivitis which then houses more food in between the area causing development of pockets.
- Sugar Consumption: Frequent consumption of sugary foods and drinks fuels the bacteria that cause cavities.
- Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva flow (often caused by medications or medical conditions) can increase the risk of cavities, including interproximal caries.
- Orthodontic Treatment: Braces or other orthodontic appliances can make it harder to clean between teeth, leading to a higher risk of interproximal decay.
Prevention and Early Detection
- Regular Dental Check-ups: Dentists can detect interproximal caries early using X-rays, even before symptoms appear.
- Flossing and Interdental Brushes: Cleaning between teeth daily is one of the most effective ways to prevent interproximal decay.
- Fluoride Treatments: Professional fluoride applications can help strengthen enamel and reduce the risk of cavities.
- Scaling and Polishing: With regular scaling and polishing we can prevent dental pockets which also are a risk factor for food impaction between teeth.
Deep Dive into Solutions for Preventing and Treating Interproximal Caries
Interproximal caries (cavities between teeth) can be prevented and treated with a combination of good oral hygiene practices, professional dental care, and lifestyle changes. Below is a detailed look at the most effective solutions, including scaling and polishing, flossing, and other strategies.
1. Scaling and Polishing
Scaling and polishing are professional dental cleaning procedures that play a key role in preventing and managing interproximal caries.
What Is Scaling?
- Scaling is the process of removing plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) from the surfaces of your teeth, including the areas between them. This is done using specialized tools, such as ultrasonic scalers or hand instruments.
- Why It Helps: Plaque and tartar buildup between teeth is a major cause of interproximal caries. Regular scaling removes these deposits, reducing the risk of decay.
What Is Polishing?
- After scaling, your dentist or hygienist will polish your teeth using a gritty paste and a rotating brush or rubber cup. This smooths the tooth surfaces, making it harder for plaque to stick.
- Why It Helps: Polishing removes surface stains and creates a smoother surface, which makes it easier to clean your teeth at home.
How Often Should You Get Scaling and Polishing?
- Most dentists recommend professional cleaning every 6 months. However, if you’re at higher risk for cavities or gum disease, your dentist may suggest more frequent cleanings.
2. Flossing
Flossing is one of the most effective ways to clean between your teeth and prevent interproximal caries.
Why Flossing Matters
- A toothbrush can’t reach the tight spaces between your teeth, but floss can. Flossing removes food particles and plaque from these areas, reducing the risk of decay.
- Studies show that people who floss daily have significantly fewer cavities between their teeth compared to those who don’t.
How to Floss Properly
- Use about 18 inches of floss and wrap it around your middle fingers.
- Gently slide the floss between your teeth using a back-and-forth motion.
- Curve the floss around each tooth in a “C” shape and move it up and down to remove plaque.
- Use a clean section of floss for each tooth.
Alternatives to Traditional Floss
- Interdental Brushes: Small brushes designed to clean between teeth, especially useful for people with wider gaps or braces.
- Water Flossers: Devices that use a stream of water to remove plaque and debris between teeth. These are great for people who find traditional flossing difficult.
- Floss Picks: Handy tools with a short piece of floss stretched between two prongs, making flossing easier for some people.
3. Brushing Techniques
Proper brushing is essential for preventing cavities, including interproximal caries.
Tips for Effective Brushing
- Use a fluoride toothpaste, which strengthens enamel and helps prevent decay.
- Brush for 2 minutes, twice a day, making sure to clean all surfaces of your teeth.
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid damaging your gums and enamel.
- Angle your brush at 45 degrees to your gums to clean the area where your teeth and gums meet.
Electric Toothbrushes
- Electric toothbrushes are highly effective at removing plaque and can be especially helpful for people with limited dexterity.
- Some models have timers and pressure sensors to ensure you’re brushing correctly.
4. Fluoride Treatments
Fluoride is a mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent cavities.
Professional Fluoride Treatments
- Your dentist may apply a fluoride gel, foam, or varnish during your visit. These treatments contain a higher concentration of fluoride than toothpaste and provide extra protection against decay.
- Fluoride treatments are particularly beneficial for people at high risk of cavities, including those with a history of interproximal caries.
At-Home Fluoride Products
- Use a fluoride toothpaste and mouthwash daily.
- Ask your dentist about prescription-strength fluoride products if needed.
5. Dietary Changes
What you eat and drink has a big impact on your risk of cavities.
Foods to Avoid
- Sugary Foods and Drinks: Sugar feeds the bacteria that cause cavities. Limit sweets, sodas, and sugary snacks.
- Sticky Foods: Foods like caramel and dried fruit can stick to your teeth and increase the risk of decay.
Tooth-Friendly Foods
- Crunchy Fruits and Vegetables: Apples, carrots, and celery help clean your teeth naturally.
- Dairy Products: Cheese, milk, and yogurt are rich in calcium and phosphates, which strengthen enamel.
- Water: Drinking water helps wash away food particles and bacteria.
6. Regular Dental Check-Ups
Regular visits to the dentist are crucial for preventing and treating interproximal caries.
What Happens During a Check-Up?
- Your dentist will examine your teeth and gums for signs of decay or other problems.
- X-rays may be taken to detect cavities between teeth that aren’t visible to the naked eye.
- Your dentist will provide personalized advice on how to improve your oral hygiene.
How Often Should You Go?
- Most people should visit the dentist every 6 months. However, if you’re at higher risk for cavities, your dentist may recommend more frequent visits.
7. Sealants
Dental sealants are a preventive measure that can help protect the grooves and pits of your teeth, including the areas between them.
How Sealants Work
- A thin, protective coating is applied to the chewing surfaces of your back teeth (molars). This seals out food and bacteria, reducing the risk of decay.
- Sealants are especially beneficial for children and teenagers, but adults can also benefit from them.
8. Treating Existing Interproximal Caries
If you already have cavities between your teeth, your dentist will recommend treatment to stop the decay and restore your tooth.
Common Treatments
- Fillings: The decayed portion of the tooth is removed, and the cavity is filled with a material like composite resin or amalgam.
- Root Canal: If the decay reaches the nerve of the tooth, a root canal may be needed to remove the infected tissue and save the tooth.
- Crowns: In severe cases, a crown may be placed over the tooth to restore its shape and function.
Conclusion
Preventing and treating interproximal caries requires a combination of good oral hygiene, professional dental care, and healthy lifestyle habits. By flossing daily, brushing properly, eating a balanced diet, and visiting your dentist regularly, you can keep your teeth healthy and cavity-free. If you suspect you have a cavity between your teeth, don’t wait—schedule a dental appointment to address it early and prevent further damage. Taking these steps will help you maintain a healthy smile for years to come!